7. Requirements Elicitation Techniques
7.需求捕獲技術(shù)
Among the most common techniques used for requirements elicitation, are:
· Interviews
· Group meetings
· Questionnaires
在需求捕獲中最常見的技術(shù)就是：
· 用戶訪談
· 小組會議
· 問卷表
Each of these techniques works better in a particular kind of scenario and due care needs to be taken in deciding which one to use when. In most of the projects, none of these three techniques will alone suffice as the de-facto standard for RE. Instead the team will need to use a suitable combination of all three to target different subsets the from stakeholders’ community.
上述的各種技術(shù)在特定場合都能很好發(fā)揮作用，應(yīng)該好好的考慮在何時使用哪項技術(shù)。在大多數(shù)項目中，捕獲需求不可能只采用某個技術(shù)。實際情況中，項目組會根據(jù)不同的風(fēng)險承擔(dān)人團(tuán)體采用不同的方法。
a. Interviews
a. 用戶訪談
Interviews shall be done when
· There is much knowledge with a few individuals
· The team has the ability to meet them
· When there is an inability to gather all stakeholders in one place at same time
用戶訪談一般在下列情況使用
· 需要與少數(shù)幾個人，進(jìn)行大量的知識交流
· 項目團(tuán)隊能夠與他們會談
· 無法一次性收集所有風(fēng)險承擔(dān)人的需求
The interview process has five steps:
· Preparing for the interview
· Planning and scheduling the interview
· Opening and closing the interview
· Conducting the interview
· Following up for clarification
用戶訪談一般會經(jīng)歷五個階段：
· 準(zhǔn)備訪談
· 計劃和安排訪談日程
· 訪談開始和結(jié)束
· 引導(dǎo)訪談
· 后繼的訪談?wù)砉ぷ?BR> Preparing for the Interview
準(zhǔn)備訪談
Before undertaking an interview the analyst should have a good understanding of the organization, its industry setting and the project's scope and objectives. This involves reviewing:
· Organization reports
· Annual reports
· Long-range planning documents
· Statements of departmental goals
· Existing procedure manuals and
· Systems documentation
在進(jìn)行訪談前，需求分析者應(yīng)該很好的理解組織結(jié)構(gòu)，行業(yè)定位和項目范圍和項目目標(biāo)，訪談會涉及下面內(nèi)容：
· 組織結(jié)構(gòu)報告
· 年度報告
· 長期發(fā)展計劃
· 部門目標(biāo)的陳述
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